The job market is undergoing profound and radical transformations on a global level.
This has increasingly required qualification, flexibility and a change in mentality and culture from both workers and companies.
Therefore, learn more about the current panorama of the job market, the profile of workers, the Brazilian reality and how to adapt to new times.
What is the job market?
The job market is the space for interaction between those who offer jobs and those who are looking for professional placement or relocation.
In this sense, job vacancies can be offered by the private, public and mixed sectors of all sizes and segments.
Levels salary, employment and unemployment rates, income inequalities, increased productivity and investments in qualifications are some variables in the functioning of the labor market.
More than a source of income, the job market is a means for professional growth and fulfillment, with professional qualifications and career plans.
Current job market
The current job market has suffered the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, which imposed social isolation and distancing, remote work and the interruption of services.
Despite a timid and decentralized recovery in the work, in 2021, global unemployment is expected to remain above pre-pandemic levels until at least 2023.
In 2022, there will be 207 million unemployed people in the world. In 2019, there were 186 million.
The prediction is from the study Social and Employment Outlook in the World (World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2022 Weso Trends), from the International Labor Organization (ILO).
But there is hope for a future fairer and more diverse in the global labor market, which should be people-centered, according to recommendations from the ILO report.
Therefore, the recovery of the job market will depend on inclusive economic growth and development, social protection and dialogue, health, safety and equity.
Importance of diversity in the job market
Diversity in the job market includes people of different generations, gender, sexual orientation, color, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, origin and people with physical and mental disabilities.
In addition to improving organizational image and reputation, diversity in the job market can contribute to structural changes in society, such as racism, sexism and inequality; increase the efficiency of the organization; qualify organizational culture; develop innovative solutions.
Women in the business market
Globalization, computerization of the economy and the fight for equal rights and opportunities have allowed women to enter the labor market massively since the 1980s.
But it was women who were most affected by unemployment, especially at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, in the first half of 2020.
In 2021, 43.2% of economically active women in the world were employed, compared to 68.6% of men, according to a survey by ILO.
In this sense, many women were forced to leave their jobs due to the closure of schools and daycare centers and take care of their children full time.
Young people in the job market
More than any other age group, young people between 15 and 24 years old were those who suffered the most from the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, according to data of the ILO.
This is because youth employment in the world fell by 8.7% in 2020 compared to 3.7% in 2019.
The cause of this scenario can be explained by three reasons: young people are the majority looking for their first job; hiring and firing young people is cheaper for companies; and young entrepreneurs are more vulnerable than adults in the face of economic crises.
People with disabilities in the job market
Public and private sector inclusion policies, such as quotas, are the main entry point for people with physical or mental disabilities (PWD) into the job market.
One study of Ibope, carried out in 2019, showed that 89% of workers with disabilities were admitted through the quota system in the 510 Brazilian companies surveyed.
In Brazil, the Quota Law for People with Disabilities and Disabled Persons (Law 8,213/91) provides for the reservation of two to five percent of vacancies for people with or recovered disabilities in companies with 100 or more employees.
Elderly people in the job market
The increase in the average age of the population has had an impact on the job market, with the participation of elderly people among the economically active population (PEA).
The insertion or reintegration of elderly people into the job market contributes to the increase in economic activities, the transfer of knowledge and alleviates the social security system.
Sweden is the European country that employs the most elderly workers (people over 65), according to study of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Blacks in the business market
Black men in the workforce receive lower wages, hold fewer leadership positions and have less education than white men in the United States.
Black women occupy more jobs than white women.
In 2019, 60.5% of Black American women were employed. The percentage of white women working, in turn, was 57.4%.
In Brazil, black people represent 55% of the total population, but occupy only 2.4% of management positions in companies, according to lifting of the Inter-Union Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies (DIEESE).
In addition to the absence of management, black men and women received lower salaries than white men and women in the second quarter of 2020 in Brazil.
Do you want to know how to contribute to a racism-free job market? Check it out here!
Gender inequality in the job market
Gender inequality in the labor market reflects social and political issues present in the daily lives of women in different socioeconomic contexts.
Women's jobs shrank by 4.4% compared to 3% for men between 2020 and 2021 in global terms. The data is from the ILO report.
Domestic chores, full or partial care of children, lack of family and public support network, low political representation are some factors that cause such inequality.
Despite being more educated than men and being the majority of the population, 54.4% of women over 15 years old are part of the workforce in Brazil. Among men, this percentage reaches 73.3%
The data is part of the study Gender Statistics, from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).
Improving the mechanisms for including more vulnerable groups in the job market increases the chance of their professional placement or relocation.
Having more people employed means an improvement in the economy and development of countries.
But creating a more inclusive job market requires efforts on the part of public and private organizations.
Some measures can create opportunities for inclusion, such as:
- Active labor market policies: public policies for inclusion and help for the unemployed, such as training programs and training;
- Training to increase digital skills and improve employability;
- Job search assistance and employment subsidies;
- Access to social, health and education services, daycare, housing and others;
Affirmative Actions, such as quotas and vacancy reservation/- Public campaigns such as Design the Work It is The Future We Want.
Job market in Brazil
Despite the high unemployment rate, which affects 13.5 million Brazilians, there was an intensification of the recovery of the job market in Brazil.
Data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) show that the employed population grew by 11.4% in the last quarter of 2021.
And the number of workers with a contract – formal employees, civil servants and military personnel – grew by 49.6% in 2020 compared to the previous year.
The importance of digital culture in the job market
The globalization of markets and the technological revolution are two important factors in understanding the accelerated organizational transformation of the last two decades.
Telecommunications networks, powerful computers, mobile communication devices, workers capable of speaking a digital language have transformed companies.
Now the digital revolution is making companies reinvent themselves, adopt a new mentality, understanding the importance of digital culture in the job market.
Big data, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, internet of things These are technologies that are on the rise in the job market.
By 2025, it is estimated that the time spent on daily activities in the workplace will be the same as that of humans and machines.
The conclusion is from the report The Future of Jobs 2020, from the World Economic Forum.
Replacement in the job market
With the opening of new vacancies and opportunities in the formal sector of the economy, professionals looking for a new job in the job market can celebrate.
The area of technology It is the one that offers the most prospects due to the scarcity of qualified labor and the possibility of working remotely.
The conclusion is from Salary Guide 2022 from Human Resources consultancy Robert Half.
For executives' 69% find qualified professionals it will be challenging in 2022.
Professional qualification will be essential for relocation into the job market.
